Conditional Structures: if and if-else in Python

1. Introduction

Conditional statements in Python help us make decisions based on data and logic. They are key to writing interactive and dynamic code.

2. The 'if' Statement

The simplest conditional structure. It checks if a condition is True and executes the block.

x = 7  
if x > 5:  
    print("x is greater than 5")

If the condition is False, nothing happens.

3. The 'if-else' Statement

Adds an alternative block when the condition is not met.

x = 3  
if x > 5:  
    print("x is greater than 5")  
else:  
    print("x is not greater than 5")

4. 'if-elif-else' Chain

Useful for checking multiple conditions in order.

x = 5  
if x > 10:  
    print("Greater than 10")  
elif x == 5:  
    print("Exactly 5")  
else:  
    print("Other value")

5. Compound Conditions with Logical Operators

Combine multiple conditions using `and`, `or`, and `not`.

age = 20  
is_member = True  
if age > 18 and is_member:  
    print("Access granted")

6. Tips for Clarity and Best Practices

• Use proper indentation for all conditional blocks
• Use parentheses for complex conditions
• Be mindful of case sensitivity when comparing strings

7. Conclusion

Mastering `if` and `if-else` statements is essential in Python. These constructs enable powerful decision-making logic and make your code smarter and more adaptable.