Introduction to the Linux Command Line

1. Basic Commands

date: Displays the current system time and date

cal: Shows the calendar for the current month

2. Virtual Consoles

Linux provides multiple virtual consoles accessible even without a graphical interface. You can switch between them using:

• Ctrl + Alt + F1 to F6 → Access console terminals
• Alt + F7 → Return to graphical desktop

3. Checking System Resources

• df: Displays available and used disk space across mounted filesystems
• free: Shows memory statistics, including free and used RAM and swap space

4. Ending a Terminal Session

You can close a terminal session using:

• exit → Terminates the shell
• Ctrl + D → Sends EOF (End of File), effectively exiting the session

5. Conclusion

This guide provides an introduction to the Linux shell, fundamental commands, and tools for system resource monitoring. Mastering these basics is essential for efficiently navigating and controlling any Linux-based system.