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زیرمقالات
Ping in Linux: Testing Network Connectivity with Essential Options
The ping command in Linux is a widely used tool for checking network availability and diagnosing connection issues. It sends ICMP Echo Request packets to a target host and reports on response times, packet loss, and reachability. This article covers the syntax, important switches, output analysis, and best practices for using ping effectively in Linux systems.
traceroute in Linux
The traceroute command is a powerful Linux tool used to trace the path packets take from a local system to a remote host. By sending probe packets with incrementally increasing TTL values, traceroute reveals each router or gateway along the path, measuring latency and identifying network bottlenecks. This article covers the basic usage, common switches, interpretation of output, and practical applications for network analysis.
Analyzing Network Paths and Latency with mtr
The mtr command is a dynamic and interactive tool in Linux that combines the functionality of both ping and traceroute. It provides real-time insights into the path packets take to a destination, along with detailed metrics such as latency, packet loss, and stability across network hops. This article walks through installing mtr, using key switches, interpreting output, and applying it to network troubleshooting.
IP Addresses and the ip Command in Linux
In Linux systems, IP addresses are essential identifiers for network communication, and the ip command serves as a modern utility to view and manage network interfaces. This article introduces IP addressing basics, explains the ip command, compares it with the older ifconfig, and explores key subcommands and usage examples. Understanding these tools is vital for effective network administration and troubleshooting
Understanding netstat
The netstat command is a classic Linux utility that displays network connections, routing tables, listening ports, and protocol statistics. It is especially useful for monitoring open ports, inspecting active TCP/UDP sessions, and identifying which processes are communicating over the network. This article explains the syntax, key options, output analysis, and introduces ss as a modern alternative.
ss Command
The ss command in Linux offers an efficient way to examine active sockets, listening ports, process IDs, and network connections. Designed as a faster replacement for the older netstat tool, ss enables real-time inspection of TCP/UDP communication with minimal system overhead. This article outlines its installation, usage, key switches, and practical examples for system and network administrators.
iftop in Linux
iftop is a lightweight terminal-based tool in Linux that provides real-time insights into bandwidth usage. Unlike tools like top that focus on CPU and memory, iftop displays data flow between IP addresses on a given network interface, helping diagnose slowdowns, monitor usage, and analyze traffic behavior. This article covers installation, execution, interactive keys, and practical use cases for network admins.
Interactive and Graphical Bandwidth Monitoring
bmon (Bandwidth Monitor) is a dynamic, interactive console-based tool for monitoring real-time network throughput on Linux. Featuring live graphs, interface details, and usage statistics, it’s lightweight yet powerful for admins who want to keep an eye on network performance from the terminal. This guide walks through its installation, usage, controls, options, and practical applications.
dig Command
dig (Domain Information Groper) is a powerful Linux tool for querying DNS servers and analyzing domain records. It provides structured responses for various DNS types like A, MX, NS, and TXT, helping administrators troubleshoot resolution issues, validate configurations, and trace DNS paths. This article outlines installation, core syntax, record types, key switches, and practical usage scenarios.
Using nslookup and host
nslookup and host are two widely available command-line utilities in Linux that allow users to perform DNS queries, resolve domain names, inspect records like A, MX, NS, and troubleshoot name resolution issues. While more advanced tools like dig exist, these two remain useful for quick diagnostics and scripting. This article compares both tools, offers syntax examples, key switches, and practical usage scenarios
ARP and arpwatch in Linux
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used in local networks to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. In Linux, the arp command displays the ARP table, while arpwatch tracks changes to it—alerting when new MAC/IP pairs appear or change. This article explores their installation, usage, log files, practical commands, and security relevance in local network monitoring.
nmap in Linux
nmap (Network Mapper) is one of the most powerful tools available for Linux users to scan networks, discover open ports, identify running services, and perform OS fingerprinting. Used by system admins and security professionals alike, it helps diagnose connectivity issues, audit firewall rules, and detect unauthorized services. This article covers installation, core features, common flags, and security tips for using nmap responsibly.
Using SSH and SCP
SSH (Secure Shell) provides a secure method to connect to remote Linux systems over the network. SCP (Secure Copy), built on SSH, enables encrypted file transfers between hosts. This article introduces both tools, explains how to install and use them, and outlines key command flags and security practices for safe and efficient remote operations
top Command
he top command in Linux is a powerful interactive utility that provides
Graphical Bandwidth Monitoring
nload is a lightweight, terminal-based tool in Linux for monitoring inbound and outbound network traffic in real time. It presents graphical charts and numeric stats that help users quickly assess bandwidth flow across interfaces. This article covers installation, usage, key options, and practical applications for administrators and curious users alike.
Essential Linux Commands for File Compression and Extraction – tar, zstd, and unzip
In Linux environments, managing compressed files is a core skill for users and system administrators alike. Tools such as tar, zstd, and unzip allow for efficient packaging, decompression, and transfer of data. This article explains the most practical commands for handling compressed files, with real-world examples and usage breakdowns.