Calculate Gravitational Force Between Two Objects Using Newton’s Law

Program Overview

This Python program reads the masses of two objects and the distance between them.
It calculates the gravitational force using Newton’s universal law of gravitation:
F = G × (m1 × m2) / r²
Where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between the objects.

Python Code:

G = 6.67430e-11  # Gravitational constant in N·m²/kg²

m1 = float(input("Enter the mass of the first object (kg): "))
m2 = float(input("Enter the mass of the second object (kg): "))
r = float(input("Enter the distance between the objects (meters): "))

if r != 0:
    F = G * (m1 * m2) / (r ** 2)
    print("The gravitational force between the objects is:", F, "Newtons")
else:
    print("Distance cannot be zero.")

Sample Output:

Enter the mass of the first object (kg): 5.97e24
Enter the mass of the second object (kg): 7.35e22
Enter the distance between the objects (meters): 3.84e8
The gravitational force between the objects is: 1.9820225456526813e+20 Newtons

Explanation:

Here’s how the program works:
- It uses the standard gravitational constant G = 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹
- Inputs include the masses of two objects and the distance between them
- If the distance is zero, the program warns that the calculation is invalid
- The result is displayed using the print() function