Program Overview
This Python program receives a string and toggles the case of each letter using the XOR bitwise operator.
If a character is lowercase, it becomes uppercase; if it’s uppercase, it becomes lowercase.
This works by XOR-ing the ASCII value of the character with 0x20 (decimal 32), which flips the sixth bit responsible for case.
Python Code:
def toggle_case_xor(text: str) -> str:
result = ""
for ch in text:
if 'a' <= ch <= 'z' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z':
toggled = chr(ord(ch) ^ 0x20)
result += toggled
else:
result += ch
return result
# Run the program
input_text = input("Enter your text: ")
output_text = toggle_case_xor(input_text)
print(f"Toggled text: {output_text}")
Sample Output (input: "Hello World"):
Toggled text: hELLO wORLD
Step-by-Step Explanation:
- The user enters a string
- The program loops through each character
- If the character is a letter, it applies XOR with 0x20 to flip its case
- Non-letter characters remain unchanged
- The final toggled string is printed